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Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

SOC: 49-9021 • Data from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics & O*NET

What They Do

Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers typically perform the following tasks: • Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment. • Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area. • Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers' recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components. • Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions. • Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit. • Adjust system controls to settings recommended by manufacturer to balance system. • Recommend, develop, or perform preventive or general maintenance procedures, such as cleaning, power-washing, or vacuuming equipment, oiling parts, or changing filters. • Inspect and test systems to verify system compliance with plans and specifications or to detect and locate malfunctions. • Repair or replace defective equipment, components, or wiring. • Install or repair self-contained ground source heat pumps or hybrid ground or air source heat pumps to minimize carbon-based energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions. • Install, connect, or adjust thermostats, humidistats, or timers. • Install auxiliary components to heating or cooling equipment, such as expansion or discharge valves, air ducts, pipes, blowers, dampers, flues, or stokers. • Braze or solder parts to repair defective joints and leaks. • Lay out and connect electrical wiring between controls and equipment, according to wiring diagrams, using electrician's hand tools. • Perform mechanical overhauls and refrigerant reclaiming. • Install expansion and control valves, using acetylene torches and wrenches. • Measure, cut, thread, or bend pipe or tubing, using pipe fitter's tools. • Mount compressor, condenser, and other components in specified locations on frames, using hand tools and acetylene welding equipment. • Install dehumidifiers or related equipment for spaces that require cool, dry air to operate efficiently, such as computer rooms. • Record and report time, materials, faults, deficiencies, or other unusual occurrences on work orders.

Career Video

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Key facts

Median: $59,810
Employment: 425,200
Growth (2024–2034): +8.0%
Education: Postsecondary

Career Intelligence Metrics

Automation Risk Assessment

Low Risk
25.0% probability of being automated in the next 10-20 years. This job is relatively safe from automation due to its creative, social, or complex problem-solving requirements.

Work-Life Balance Score

8.5/10
Excellent work-life balance based on typical work schedules, stress levels, and time demands.

Personality Fit (RIASEC Profile)

8.8
Realistic
7.4
Investigative
4.4
Artistic
5.6
Social
4.6
Enterprising
6.4
Conventional
Powered by O*NET Career Profiling

Personality Match: The higher the score (out of 10), the better this career matches that personality type. People with similar interests and work styles tend to be most satisfied in careers that match their personality profile.

O*NET Official Logo Official assessment tool by the U.S. Department of Labor

Top Skills

Customer-service skills Detail oriented Math skills Mechanical skills Physical stamina Physical strength Problem-solving skills Technology skills

Strengths

  • High Demand
  • Flexible Work
  • Continuous Learning

Challenges

  • Burnout Risk
  • Rapid Technological Change

Median Salary Comparison

Employment projection (2024–2034)

Geographic Employment & Wage Analysis

BLS OEWS Data Updated 2024-05
View Interactive BLS Maps

States with Highest Employment

  • Florida 38,290
  • California 34,020
  • Texas 32,070
  • New York 22,710
  • Pennsylvania 16,930
  • North Carolina 13,750
  • Michigan 13,720
  • Virginia 13,640
  • Ohio 13,570
  • Georgia 12,210
BLS OEWS data (2024-05)

Regional Wage Variations

  • Florida -15%
    $50,580
  • California +9%
    $65,290
  • Texas -10%
    $54,050
  • New York +11%
    $66,670
  • Pennsylvania 2%
    $61,120
  • North Carolina -13%
    $51,940
  • Michigan 0%
    $60,090
  • Virginia 1%
    $60,630
  • Ohio 1%
    $60,490
  • Georgia -8%
    $55,020
BLS OEWS state wage data
Top Metropolitan Areas
New York-Newark-Jersey City
Employment: High Growth: +3.2%
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Employment: High Growth: +2.8%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin
Employment: Medium Growth: +1.5%
Dallas-Fort Worth
Employment: Medium Growth: +4.1%
San Francisco-Oakland
Employment: High Growth: +2.3%
Based on BLS metropolitan area data
Industries with Highest Concentrations
Wholesale trade
85%
Educational services; state, local, and private
70%
Retail trade
55%
Regional Job Market Outlook
Strong
West Coast
Stable
Northeast
Growing
South