← Back to search

Elementary, Middle, and High School Principals

SOC: 11-9032 • Data from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics & O*NET

What They Do

Elementary, Middle, and High School Principals typically perform the following tasks: • Counsel and provide guidance to students regarding personal, academic, vocational, or behavioral issues. • Confer with parents and staff to discuss educational activities, policies, and student behavior or learning problems. • Determine the scope of educational program offerings, and prepare drafts of course schedules and descriptions to estimate staffing and facility requirements. • Observe teaching methods and examine learning materials to evaluate and standardize curricula and teaching techniques and to determine areas for improvement. • Collaborate with teachers to develop and maintain curriculum standards, develop mission statements, and set performance goals and objectives. • Enforce discipline and attendance rules. • Recruit, hire, train, and evaluate primary and supplemental staff. • Plan and lead professional development activities for teachers, administrators, and support staff. • Direct and coordinate activities of teachers, administrators, and support staff at schools, public agencies, and institutions. • Set educational standards and goals, and help establish policies and procedures to carry them out. • Evaluate curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and use, and to ensure compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. • Create school improvement plans, using student performance data. • Determine allocations of funds for staff, supplies, materials, and equipment, and authorize purchases. • Prepare and submit budget requests and recommendations, or grant proposals to solicit program funding. • Plan and develop instructional methods and content for educational, vocational, or student activity programs. • Participate in special education-related activities, such as attending meetings and providing support to special educators throughout the district. • Recommend personnel actions related to programs and services. • Prepare, maintain, or oversee the preparation and maintenance of attendance, activity, planning, or personnel reports and records. • Teach classes or courses to students. • Review and approve new programs, or recommend modifications to existing programs, submitting program proposals for school board approval as necessary.

Career Video

Video from CareerOneStop, sponsored by U.S. Department of Labor

Key facts

Median: $104,070
Employment: 5,100
Growth (2024–2034): -2.0%
Education: Master's degree

Career Intelligence Metrics

Automation Risk Assessment

Low Risk
18.0% probability of being automated in the next 10-20 years. This job is relatively safe from automation due to its creative, social, or complex problem-solving requirements.

Work-Life Balance Score

5.4/10
Fair work-life balance based on typical work schedules, stress levels, and time demands.

Personality Fit (RIASEC Profile)

4.2
Realistic
6.8
Investigative
4.4
Artistic
7.8
Social
8.6
Enterprising
7.4
Conventional
Powered by O*NET Career Profiling

Personality Match: The higher the score (out of 10), the better this career matches that personality type. People with similar interests and work styles tend to be most satisfied in careers that match their personality profile.

O*NET Official Logo Official assessment tool by the U.S. Department of Labor

Top Skills

Communication skills Critical-thinking skills Decision-making skills Interpersonal skills Leadership skills Problem-solving skills

Strengths

  • High Demand
  • Flexible Work
  • Continuous Learning

Challenges

  • Burnout Risk
  • Rapid Technological Change

Median Salary Comparison

Employment projection (2024–2034)

Geographic Employment & Wage Analysis

BLS OEWS Data Updated 2024-05
View Interactive BLS Maps

States with Highest Employment

  • Texas 35,900
  • California 33,400
  • New York 19,300
  • Florida 15,900
  • Illinois 15,050
  • Pennsylvania 13,110
  • Ohio 11,390
  • New Jersey 11,060
  • Massachusetts 10,360
  • North Carolina 10,270
BLS OEWS data (2024-05)

Regional Wage Variations

  • Texas -17%
    $86,330
  • California +46%
    $151,890
  • New York +32%
    $137,870
  • Florida -16%
    $87,780
  • Illinois 4%
    $108,560
  • Pennsylvania 0%
    $104,460
  • Ohio -4%
    $99,880
  • New Jersey +32%
    $137,260
  • Massachusetts +23%
    $127,570
  • North Carolina -22%
    $81,310
BLS OEWS state wage data
Top Metropolitan Areas
New York-Newark-Jersey City
Employment: High Growth: +3.2%
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Employment: High Growth: +2.8%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin
Employment: Medium Growth: +1.5%
Dallas-Fort Worth
Employment: Medium Growth: +4.1%
San Francisco-Oakland
Employment: High Growth: +2.3%
Based on BLS metropolitan area data
Industries with Highest Concentrations
Elementary and secondary schools; local
85%
Elementary and secondary schools; private
70%
Regional Job Market Outlook
Strong
West Coast
Stable
Northeast
Growing
South